India country profile

13 Feb 2026 yoindia.co.in

The EU-India trade agreement

The Cochin International Airport is the first in the world to operate solely on solar energy. Hampi Bazar was a street market that served as a ‘mall’ for the Vijayanagar empire. Ramoji Film City is the largest film studio in the world. Indore has held the title of India’s cleanest city for six consecutive years, from 2017 to 2022. St. Thomas Church served as a prison for Indian freedom fighters while Britain was in power. Mumbai is the centre of the Indian film industry, often referred to as Bollywood, producing more films per year than Hollywood.

What languages are spoken in India?

Qutub Minar is a towering minaret that was built in the 12th century and is the tallest brick minaret in the world! Welcome to bet365 the new Incredible India Digital Portal! Hindu nationalist BJP party scores biggest election victory by any party in 30 years.

Mahabodhi Temple

The Himalayan region of Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan for over six decades. During the election, critics accused Mr Modi and his party of using hate speech, attacking the country’s Muslim minority, and jailing opposition figures. The election saw a resurgence of India’s opposition, which won 234 seats. A teacher and former governor of Jharkhand State, she is the first person from a tribal community to serve as India’s head of state. But it is also tackling huge, social, economic and environmental problems.

Patna was the capital of the ancient Magadha kingdom and one of the most important cities of ancient India. It is an important global wetland habitat and has been declared an International Bird Conservation Area. The twin hills of Khandagiri and Udaigiri are famous for their rock-cut caves, constructed by Jain monks during the 1st and 2nd century BC. Gurugram has a link with Indian epic ‘Mahabharata’.

  • Based on coalescence of Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome data, it is thought that the earliest extant lineages of anatomically modern humans or Homo sapiens on the Indian subcontinent had reached there from Africa between 80,000 and 50,000 years ago, and with high likelihood by 55,000 years ago.
  • By this time, with its economic power severely curtailed by the British parliament and having effectively been made an arm of British administration, the East India Company began more consciously to enter non-economic arenas, including education, social reform, and culture.
  • In 1981 the respective literacy rates for total population, men and women were 41%, 53% and 29%.
  • Embracing a strong Shaivite tradition and building upon the military technology of the sultanate, the empire came to control much of peninsular India, and was to influence South Indian society for long afterwards.
  • Several modern religions are linked to India, namely modern Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Trigonometry was further advanced in India, and the modern definitions of sine and cosine were developed there. Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra. The decimal number system in use today was first recorded in Indian mathematics. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava. As a market developed among European residents, it was supplied by Company painting by Indian artists with considerable Western influence.

The most significant import of cooking techniques into India during the last millennium occurred during the Mughal Empire, spreading into northern India from regions to its northwest, along with dishes such as pilaf. Increasingly, in urban northern India, the sari is no longer the apparel of everyday wear, though they remain popular on formal occasions. Towards the end of the 20th century, innovations in British South Asian music and dance, such as Post-Bhangra, fed back into dance in India. Examples are dance-dramas based on the ancient Indian animal fables, Panchatantra, and Nehru’s mid-century meditation on Indian history, The Discovery of India. Whether or not a dance is classical is determined by the Sangeet Natak Academi, the Indian government’s organisation for performing arts.ab Although more dances could perhaps meet the criteria for classical, the Akademi has chosen eight.ac Indian classical music has Vedic origins, and split in the 13th century into the two main traditions of Hindustani and Carnatic music.

The constitution also recognises 21 other languages – either because many people speak them, or because they are very important for Indian culture. The Indo-Aryan languages replaced the Dravidian languages in the northern and western regions of India. It has the Indian Ocean to the west, the Arabian Sea in the southwest, the Bay of Bengal in the southeast, and the Himalayas up north. India’s landmass, which forms the northwestern portion of the Indian-Australian Plate, began to drift slowly northward toward the much larger Eurasian Plate several hundred million years ago (after the former broke away from the ancient southern-hemispheric supercontinent known as Gondwana, or Gondwanaland). The land of India—together with Bangladesh and most of Pakistan—forms a well-defined subcontinent, set off from the rest of Asia by the imposing northern mountain rampart of the Himalayas and by adjoining mountain ranges to the west and east.

Trump said he doesn’t want to destroy PM’s career. India reacts to old video

The earliest literary source that sheds light on India’s past is the Rig Veda. The History of India begins with the Indus Valley Civilization and the coming of the Aryans. King Shivaji used the guerrilla tactics to capture a part of, the then, dominant Mughal empire. Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India. Shah Jahan, also known as Shahbuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan, was a Mughal Emperor who ruled in the Indian Subcontinent from 1628 to 1658. After the death of Harsha the Rajputs came into prominence on the political horizons of North India.

Humans began to create settlements in the subcontinent 9,000 years ago, on the western banks of the Indus River. At first, they had lived in the subcontinent as hunter-gatherers. Sri Lanka and the Maldives are nearby to the south.

Dynamic, dedicated and determined, Narendra Modi arrives as a ray of hope in the lives of a billion Indians. © Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Darjeeling – The queen of eastern Himalayas Crafts of Kutch – Rogan art, ajrakh & more (Gujarat , India)

Only the government can use this emblem, according to the State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005. The national emblem of India shows four lions standing back-to-back. In 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had 1.32 million active personnel, making it one of the largest militaries in the world. The Indian Armed Forces is the country’s military. Most union territories are ruled by administrators (called Lieutenant Governors) sent by the central government. The Prime Minister is the head of government of India.

During the 1930s, the British enacted slow legislative reform; the Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections. It was marked by British reforms but also repressive legislation, by more strident Indian calls for self-rule, and by the beginnings of a nonviolent movement of non-co-operation led by Mahatma Gandhi. After World War I, in which approximately one million Indians served, a new period began. The railway network provided critical famine relief, notably reduced the cost of moving goods, and helped nascent Indian-owned industry. There was an increase in the number of large-scale famines, and, despite the risks of infrastructure development borne by Indian taxpayers, little industrial employment was generated for Indians.

India’s subsequent collision with Eurasia set off a mass exchange of species. Many Indian species have descended from those of Gondwana, the southern supercontinent from which India separated more than 100 million years ago. India has two natural zones of thorn forest, one in the Deccan Plateau, immediately east of the Western Ghats, and the other in the western part of the Indo-Gangetic plain, now turned into rich agricultural land by irrigation, its features no longer visible.

By 1991, no party secured a majority, but Congress formed a minority government led by P.V. The party lost again in 1989, with a short-lived National Front coalition government under V.P. India’s early general elections saw the Congress Party, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, dominate until his death in 1964.

It has achieved all-round socio-economic progress since Independence. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. Km, extending from the snow-covered Himalayan heights to the tropical rain forests of the south. India has a unique culture and is one of the oldest and greatest civilizations of the world. Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho kho, and gilli-danda, which are played throughout India.

The Prime Minister of India is the head of government and exercises most executive power. The BJP, now a part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), formed a coalition government led by Vajpayee, who became the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a five-year term. The subsequent government lasted just under two years; V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar served as prime ministers. Its government lasted two years; Morarji Desai and Charan Singh served as prime ministers.

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